{"id":1408,"date":"2021-07-17T13:36:06","date_gmt":"2021-07-17T13:36:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jpevlogistics.com\/?p=1408"},"modified":"2021-07-17T13:47:28","modified_gmt":"2021-07-17T13:47:28","slug":"al-transporte-maritimo-pre-covid-no-lo-volveremos-a-ver","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jpevlogistics.com\/en\/al-transporte-maritimo-pre-covid-no-lo-volveremos-a-ver\/","title":{"rendered":"“Al transporte mar\u00edtimo pre-Covid no lo volveremos a ver”"},"content":{"rendered":"

2020 marc\u00f3 una ca\u00edda del -4,0% respecto a 2019 en t\u00e9rminos de comercio mediante contenedores mar\u00edtimos (suma de exportaciones e importaciones), en una muestra de 88 puertos y zonas portuarias de Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe. Al enfocar la mirada en las importaciones, segmento m\u00e1s relevante para la contenerizada, se observa una ca\u00edda de -6,3%. Las cifras est\u00e1n registradas en el documento “Impacto del COVID-19 en el comercio mar\u00edtimo, transbordo y throughput<\/em> de los puertos de contenedores de Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe (ALC)<\/strong>” elaborado por investigadores Eliana P. Barleta<\/strong> y Ricardo S\u00e1nchez<\/strong>, especialista y jefe de la Unidad de Servicios de Infraestructura de CEPAL<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MundoMar\u00edtimo<\/strong>, convers\u00f3 con Ricardo S\u00e1nchez <\/strong>acerca de las reflexiones que extrae de las cifras difundidas por el documento. Primeramente, se\u00f1ala al respecto <\/strong>que, “una cosa que resulta bastante clara es que el Covid-19 est\u00e1 pegando mucho m\u00e1s fuerte en Am\u00e9rica Latina. En otros lugares est\u00e1 todo el entusiasmo de la recuperaci\u00f3n y en la regi\u00f3n, la verdad, es que todav\u00eda vamos muy lento. Ahora, ligado con eso, a m\u00ed me preocupa un poco que la regi\u00f3n, a diferencia de otros lugares hay mucha m\u00e1s demora en actualizar los planes portuarios<\/em>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seg\u00fan observa- excepto por el proyecto de Chancay en Per\u00fa- “en general no se ve gran actividad a diferencia de lo que se ve en el mundo en materia portuaria con planes que son fabulosos, tanto en Estados Unidos como en Europa<\/em>“. En cambio, plantea con preocupaci\u00f3n que en “Am\u00e9rica Latina todo se ve muy demorado y esto lo digo en general, no solo en cuanto a los puertos, sino que tambi\u00e9n en infraestructura<\/em>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explica que en la regi\u00f3n pr\u00e1cticamente repite un patr\u00f3n negativo en el cual, durante los momentos de crisis econ\u00f3mica, lo primero que se corta es la inversi\u00f3n en infraestructura, “cuando todos sabemos que deber\u00eda ser al rev\u00e9s y ser tomada como un elemento de pol\u00edtica contrac\u00edclica<\/em>“, expone. Y agrega que luego, cuando la econom\u00eda levanta, “la inversi\u00f3n en el \u00e1rea demora todav\u00eda mucho m\u00e1s, perdiendo su car\u00e1cter contrac\u00edclico, lo que hace que la recuperaci\u00f3n sea m\u00e1s lenta<\/em>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Advierte que el Covid est\u00e1 significando un inmenso golpe contra la econom\u00eda y la sociedad en general en la regi\u00f3n y ante eso “hay que actuar pronto, preventivamente para evitar que esos males se profundicen<\/em>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vuelta a la normalidad<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En cuanto una posible vuelta a la normalidad en la movilizaci\u00f3n portuaria de contenedores plantea que va a depender de la intensidad con que el Covid siga golpeando a la regi\u00f3n. Sin embargo, no aprecia un panorama alentador: “Se puede apreciar en Chile, con una tremendamente buena campa\u00f1a de vacunaci\u00f3n, sin embargo, la pandemia sigue siendo grave y el ‘lockdown’ del que venimos saliendo afecta la recuperaci\u00f3n de la demanda y eso se retrasa la recuperaci\u00f3n del movimiento de contenedores<\/em>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Matiza se\u00f1alando que, no solo en Chile, ahora se empieza a ver una recuperaci\u00f3n en las importaciones- respecto al a\u00f1o pasado, donde el retroceso “fue tremendo<\/em>“- pero “todav\u00eda no alcanza el pleno<\/em>“, asegura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Pienso que este a\u00f1o va a ser bien complejo, me parece que mejor que el 2020, pero de ninguna forma estaremos recuperando los niveles de 2019, el que tampoco, digamos fue un tan buen a\u00f1o<\/em>“, afirma. Sin embargo, este panorama a su parecer no tiene relaci\u00f3n con lo que ocurre en otras partes del mundo que muestran una recuperaci\u00f3n de la demanda que “no la vemos ac\u00e1 todav\u00eda<\/em>“. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A lo anterior se suma un problema que califica como “serio”:  el incremento de los fletes mar\u00edtimos. “En Chile el aumento del flete significa que los precios de 2019 y de inicios de 2020 se multiplicaron hasta por siete, ocho veces. En Brasil todav\u00eda es un poco peor, al multiplicarse casi por 10<\/em>“, sostiene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adem\u00e1s, afirma que esto no remite solo al \u00e1mbito de los fletes mar\u00edtimos. “A m\u00ed me preocupa tremendamente el efecto inflacionario que adem\u00e1s significa una p\u00e9rdida y una mayor lentitud en la recuperaci\u00f3n de la econom\u00eda<\/em>“. A\u00f1ade de que “no hay forma de evitar trasladar a preciso estos tremendos aumentos de fletes. Un flete China-Chile que hace unos a\u00f1os costaba US$1.500 ahora est\u00e1 cercano a los US$12.000 y esto afecta la macroeconom\u00eda. En este caso, a nivel de precios y dificultades para la actividad econ\u00f3mica<\/em>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cambio hist\u00f3rico<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ricardo S\u00e1nchez<\/strong> destaca que el Covid es un cambio hist\u00f3rico para la industria. “El transporte mar\u00edtimo pre-Covid no lo vamos a volver a ver”. Al reflexionar sobre el punto explica que el sector ha consolidado el proceso de concentraci\u00f3n que ya ven\u00eda de antes, pero que nunca lo hab\u00edamos podido observar a este nivel “con capacidad de fijar tarifas y de multiplicarlas por seis, siete y ocho como estamos viendo<\/em>” y agrega que “esto es algo que no tiene vuelta atr\u00e1s. Las tarifas podr\u00edan tener una ligera reversi\u00f3n, pero no volver a los niveles que ten\u00edamos a inicios de 2020<\/em>“, recalca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Igualmente manifiesta sus sudas frente a los argumentos esgrimidos para justificar el alza de las tarifas, tales como la escasez de contenedores y de capacidad de los buques. “Siempre hubo escasez de equipos donde se necesitaban, el desbalance del comercio existi\u00f3 siempre; ahora resulta que eso es motivo por el cual los precios se multiplican por ocho y por 10<\/em>“. En cuanto a la falta de buques, se\u00f1ala: “pero \u00bfde cu\u00e1ndo? si siempre sobraban<\/em>“. Y si bien admite que, “por supuesto, hay problemas de falta de equipos y de buques<\/em>“, argumenta que ninguna de esas cosas desde el punto de vista econ\u00f3mico justificar\u00eda el tremendo aumento de precios. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Igualmente, Ricardo S\u00e1nchez<\/strong> se manifiesta en absoluto desacuerdo respecto al planteamiento que indica que el aumento de las tarifas de flete sea responsabilidad de los expedidores, quienes incentivar\u00edan el alza al estar dispuestos a pagar precios muy altos para movilizar sus bienes: “No, no me parece de ninguna forma. Eso significar\u00eda que hay supuestamente un boom de demanda, incrementando las tarifas. Pero la demanda ha aumentado s\u00f3lo un 20% y las tarifas aumentaron un 600, 700 y 800 por ciento. Me parece que hay cosas que tienen visos de realidad, pero que no justifican este tremendo aumento de tarifas<\/em>“, concluye.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2020 marc\u00f3 una ca\u00edda del -4,0% respecto a 2019 en t\u00e9rminos de comercio mediante contenedores mar\u00edtimos (suma de exportaciones e importaciones), en una muestra de 88 puertos y zonas portuarias de Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe. Al enfocar la mirada en las importaciones, segmento m\u00e1s relevante para la contenerizada, se observa una ca\u00edda de -6,3%. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1410,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sin-categoria"],"yoast_head":"\n"Al transporte mar\u00edtimo pre-Covid no lo volveremos a ver" - JPEV Logistics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jpevlogistics.com\/en\/al-transporte-maritimo-pre-covid-no-lo-volveremos-a-ver\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\""Al transporte mar\u00edtimo pre-Covid no lo volveremos a ver" - JPEV Logistics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"2020 marc\u00f3 una ca\u00edda del -4,0% respecto a 2019 en t\u00e9rminos de comercio mediante contenedores mar\u00edtimos (suma de exportaciones e importaciones), en una muestra de 88 puertos y zonas portuarias de Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe. 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Al enfocar la mirada en las importaciones, segmento m\u00e1s relevante para la contenerizada, se observa una ca\u00edda de -6,3%. 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